Properties of inorganic compounds 3.2



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3.2 Properties of inorganic compounds

Formula (including water of crystallization), melting and boiling temperatures, density and solubility

The properties, including melting, θ_m, and boiling, θ_b, temperatures are for the substances as formulated and at a pressure of 101.325 kPa (1 atm 760 Torr) and values θ/p at a pressure p. Loss of water at a specific temperature θ/°C is denoted by −1, −2, etc., H₂O/θ, and loss of oxygen, etc., similarly. Densities ρ are for 20 °C; values ρ/θ are for a temperature θ/°C. The densities of gases and vapours are not given because approximate values can be calculated from the ideal gas laws and more accurate values can be obtained by the use of the table in section 3.5. Solubilities S are for cold water (20°C) and hot water (100°C) unless some other temperature is indicated, thus: S/θ. The solubility S is 100 times the mass of anhydrous compound soluble in a unit mass of water. The solid in equilibrium with the saturated solution may not be the anhydrous compound nor may it be a hydrate listed in this table. For some additional information on the solubilities of solids see the table in section 3.6.2. For some gases the value of the absorption coefficient (A) is given: the volume of gas measured at 0 °C and 101.325 kPa (1 atm) which will dissolve in a unit volume of water at the stated temperature, under a partial pressure of 101.325 kPa of the gas. For some additional information on the solubilities of gases see the table in section 3.6.1.

Abbreviations used are: a., acid; ac., acetic acid; acet., acetone; al., alcohol (ethanol); alk., alkali; anh., anhydrous; aq., aqueous; aq. reg., aqua regia; bz., benzene; c., cold; chl., chloroform; conc., concentrated; d., decomposes; dil., dilute; eth., ether; exp., explodes; fus., fused; h., hot; i., insoluble; me., methanol; pyr., pyridine; s., soluble; sb., sublimes; sl., slightly; slt., salts; tol., toluene; v., very; vac., vacuum; ∞, miscible in all proportions.

For the web edition, this table has been divided into four parts, alphabetically by full name of element:

Part 1: Aluminium - Chlorine (this page)

Part 2: Chromium - Lithium

Part 3: Magnesium - Selenium

Part 4: Silicon - Zirconium

Part 1: Aluminium - Chlorine

Al | NH₃ | Sb | As | Ba | Be | Bi | B | Cd | Cs | Ca | C | Ce | Cl |

Inorganic compounds

Compound

θ_m/°C

θ_b/°C

ρ/(kg m⁻³)

Solubility

Cold water

Hot water

Other solvents

| Top |

Aluminium

Bromide, AlBr₃

97.5

263.3/747 Torr

2640

s. al., CS₂, acet.

Chloride, AlCl₃

sb. 181

2440

s. al., eth., CCl₄; sl.
s. bz.

Fluoride, AlF₃

sb. 1291

—

3070

0.50

1.71

i. a., alk., al., acet.

Iodide, AlI₃

191

360

3980

s. al., eth., CS₂, NH₃

Nitrate, Al(NO₃)₃.9H₂O

73.5

d. 150

—

1.60

s. a., alk., al.

Nitride, AlN

>2200 (N₂)

3260

d. a., alk.

Oxide, α-Al₂O₃

2015

2980

3970

v. sl. s. a., alk.

Sulphate, Al₂(SO₄)₃

d. 770

—

2710

36.4

98.1

s. dil. a.; sl. s. al.

Sulphide, Al₂S₃

1100

sb. 1500 (in N₂)

2020

—

s. a., alk.; i. acet.

| Top |

Ammonium

Ammonia, NH₃

−77.7

−33.4

—

89.5/0

7.4

s. al., eth.

Acetate, NH₄C₂H₃O₂

114

1170

148/4

s. al.; sl. s. acet.

Azide, NH₄N₃

sb. 134 (exp.)

1346

25.3

37/40

s. al.; i. eth., bz.

Bromide, NH₄Br

sb. 452

—

2429

97/25

145

s. al., eth., acet, NH₃

Carbonate, (NH₄)₂CO₃.H₂O

d. 58

—

84/15

d. 355

i. al., CS₂, NH₃

Chloride, NH₄Cl

sb. 340

—

1527

37.2

77.3

s. NH₃; sl. s. al.;
i. acet., eth.

Chromate, (NH₄)₂CrO₄

d. 180

—

1910

34.0

sl. s. NH₃, acet.; i.al.

Cyanide, NH₄CN

d. 36

—

1020/100

v. s.

v. s. al.

Dichromate,
(NH₄)₂Cr₂O₇

d. 170

—

2150

35.6

156

s. al.; i. acet.

Dihydrogen phosphate,
(NH₄)H₂PO₄

190

—

1803

37.4

173

i. acet.

Fluoride, NH₄F

sb.

—

1009/25

100/0

s. al.; i. NH₃

Formate, NH₄CHO₂

116

d. 180

1280

143

533/80

s. al., NH₃

Hydrogen phosphate,

(NH₄)₂HPO₄

d. 155

—

1619

68.9

97.2/60

i. al., acet., NH₃

Hydrogen sulphide, NH₄HS

118/15 MPa

884/1.9 MPa

1170

128.1/0

s. al., NH₃

Iodate, NH₄IO₃

d. 150

—

3309/21

2.06/15

—

Iodide, NH₄I

sb. 551

—

2514/25

172

250

v. s. al., acet., NH₃

Molybdate, (NH₄)₂MoO₄

—

2276/25

s.d.

s. a.; i. al., NH₃

Nitrate, NH₄NO₃

170

210/11

1725/25

192

871

s. al., acet., NH₃

Nitrite, NH₄NO₂

exp. 60—70

—

1690

v.s.

s. al; i. eth.

Oxalate,
(NH₄)₂C₂O₄.H₂O

—

1500

4.45

34.64

i. NH₃

Sulphate, (NH₄)₂SO₄

d. 235

—

1769/50

75.4

103

i. al., acet., NH₃

Tartrate,
(NH₄)₂C₄H₄O

—

1601

63.0

86.9/60

sl. s. al.

₆ Thiocyanate, NH₄CNS

149.6

d. 170

1305

170

346/60

s. al., acet., NH₃

Vanadate, meta-,
NH₄VO₃

d. 200

—

2326

0.48

2.42/60

i. al., eth., NH₄Cl

| Top |

Antimony
Bromide, SbBr₃

96.6

275

4148/23

s. HCl, CS₂, al., NH₃

Chloride, tri-, SbCl₃

73.4

283

3140/25

910

∞/72

s. HCl, al., bz., CS₂

,, , penta-, SbCl₅

2.8

79/22

2336

s. HCl, chl.

Fluoride, tri-, SbF₃

292

—

4379/21

445

564/30

i. NH₃

Fluoride, penta-, SbF₅

149

2990/23

—

s. KF

Hydride, SbH₃

− 88

−17

2260/−25

0.2/0 (A)

—

v. s. al., CS₂

Iodide, SbI₃

− 167

400

4917/17

s. HCl, KI, al.,
acet., bz., CS₂

Oxide, tri-, Sb₂O₃

655

1550

5250

v. sl. s.

sl. s.

s. HCl, KOH

,, , penta-, Sb₂O₅

− O/380

− 2O/930

3800

v. sl. s.

sl. s.

v. sl. s. HCl, KOH

III Oxychloride, SbOCl

—

s. HCl, acet., CS₂

III Sulphate Sb₂(SO₄)₃

—

3625/4

s. a.

Sulphide, tri-, Sb₂S₃

547

1150

4640

1.75 × 10⁻⁴/18

s. alk., HCl, K₂S, al.

,, , penta-, Sb₂S₅

d. 75

—

4120

s. alk., HCl

| Top |

Arsenic

Bromide, AsBr₃

32.8

220

3540/25

s. HCl, CS₂

Chloride, AsCl₃

− 8.5

130.2

2163

s. HCl, al., eth.

Fluoride, tri-, AsF₃

− 6

− 56

—

s. al., eth., bz.

Fluoride, penta-, AsF₅

− 80

− 52.8

—

s. alk., al., eth., bz.

Hydride, AsH₃

− 116.3

− 55

1689/−85

0.2/0 (A)

—

sl. s. alk.; s. chl.

Iodide, AsI₃

146

403

4390/13

6/25

s. al., eth., chl., bz

Oxide, tri, As₂O₃

315

457

3738

3.7

10.1

s. alk., HCl; i. eth.

,, , penta-, As₂O₅

d. 315

—

4320

150/16

76.4

s. alk., al., a.

Sulphide, tri-, As₂S₃

300

707

3430

5 × 10⁻⁵/18

sl. s.

s. K₂S, NaHCO₃, al.

,, , penta-, As₂S₅

sb. d. 500

—

1.36 × 10⁻⁴/0

s. alk., HNO₃

| Top |

Barium
Acetate, Ba(C₂H₃O₂)₂

—

2468

74.8

i. al.

Bromate,
Ba(BrO₃)₂.H₂O

− H₂O/170

d. 260

3990/18

0.66

5.7

s. acet.; i. al.

Bromide, BaBr₂.2H₂O

− H₂O/75

− 2H₂O/120

3584/24

104

149

s. al.

,, , BaBr₂

857

4781/24

104

149

v. s. al.; v. sl. s. acet.

Carbonate, BaCO₃

—

4430

2 × 10⁻³

6 × 10⁻³

s. a., NH₄Cl; i. al.

Chlorate,
Ba(ClO₃)₂.H₂O

− H₂O/120

− O/250

3180

34.4

105

sl. s. al., acet.

Chloride, BaCl₂.2H₂O

− 2H₂O/113

37.5/20

3097/24

35.7

58.8

sl. s. HCl, HNO₃

,, , BaCl₂ (β)

961

1560

3917

35.7

58.8

v. sl. s. al.

Fluoride, BaF₂

1355

2137

4890

0.16

sl. s.

s. a., NH₄Cl

Hydride, BaH₂

d. 675

—

4210/0

d. a.

Hydroxide,
Ba(OH)₂.8H₂O

− 8H₂O/78

—

2180/16

3.9

101/80

sl. s. al.; i. acet.

Iodate, Ba(IO₃)₂

4998

0.035

197

s. HNO₃, HCl

Iodide, BaI₂.2H₂O

− H₂O/100

− 2H₂O/540

5150

220

276

s. al., acet.

,, , BaI₂

740

200/15

5150/25

220

276

v. s. al., me., a.

Nitrate, Ba(NO₃)₂

592

3240/23

9.0

34.4

sl. s. a.; i. al.

Nitrite, Ba(NO₂)₂.H₂O

d. 115

—

3173

67.5

30.0

v. s. a.; sl. s. al.

,, , Ba(NO₂)₂

d. 217

—

3230/23

67.5

30.0

v. s. HCl; sl. s. al.;
i. acet.

Oxide, BaO

2010

2000

5720

3.48

90.8/80

s. dil. a., al.; i. acet.

Perchlorlate, Ba(ClO₄)₂

505

—

3200

198.5/25

562.3

v. s. al.

Peroxide, BaO₂

450

− O/800

4960

v. sl. s.

s. dil. a.; i. acet

Sulphate, BaSO₄

1580

—

4500/15

2 × 10^− 4

4 × 10^− 4

sl. s. H₂SO₄

Sulphide, BaS

1200

—

4250/15

i. al., CS₂

| Top |

Beryllium

Bromide, BeBr₂

sb. 475

—

3465/25

v. s.

s. al. eth., pyr.; i. bz.

Chloride, BeCl₂

405

520

1899/25

v. s. d.

v. s. al., eth., pyr.; sl.
s. bz., chl; i. CS₂

Fluoride, BeF₂

sb. 800

—

1986/25

v. s.

s. H₂SO₄; sl. s. al.

Iodide, BeI₂

510

590

4325/26

s. al., eth., CS₂

Nitrate,
Be(NO₃)₂.3H₂O

142

1557

v. s.

v. s. al.

Oxide, BeO

2540

3900

3010

2 × 10^− 5/30

—

s. H₂SO₄, fus. KOH

Sulphate, BeSO₄.4H₂O

− 2H₂O/100

− 4H₂O/400

1713/10.5

38.9

85.1

sl. s. H₂SO₄; i. al., acet.

| Top |

Bismuth
Bromide, BiBr₃

218

453

5720/25

s. HCl, eth.; i. al.

Chloride, BiCl₃

232

447

4750/25

s. a., al., eth., acet.

Fluoride, BiF₃

730

—

5320

—

s. a.; i. al.

Hydroxide, Bi(OH)₃

− H₂O/100

− 1	1	H₂O/400
	2

4360

1.4 × 10^− 4

s. a.; sl. s. conc. alk.

Iodide, BiI₃

408

500

5778/15

s. HCl., HI, al.

Nitrate, Bi(NO₃)₃.5H₂O

− H₂O/18

—

2830

v. s. HNO₃; s. a., acet.;
i. al.

Oxide, Bi₂O₃

820

1890

8900

s. a.

Oxychloride, BiOCl

—

7720/15

s. a.; i. acet.

Sulphate, Bi₂(SO₄)₃

d. 405

—

5080/15

s. a.

Sulphide, Bi₂S₃