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3.7 Properties of chemical bonds
3.7.1 Dipole moments and dipole lengths
Most of the following values were calculated from an
extensive collection given by A. L. McClellan, Tables of Experimental Dipole
Moments, San Francisco, Copyright by W. H. Freeman and Co., 1963. The
values listed represent average values for some common chemicals. The
conditions under which the measurements were made are indicated by the letters:
b, substance in benzene solution; g, substance as a gas; l, substance as a
liquid.
The dipole length
lp is equal to
p/e where p is the
dipole moment and e is the charge of a proton.
|
|
1030·p/(C·m) |
lp/pm |
|
1030·p/(C·m) |
lp/pm |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acetaldehyde . .
. |
8.3 |
b |
52 |
Ethylene carbonate . |
16.0 |
b |
100 |
|
Acetamide
. . . |
12.3 |
b |
77 |
Ethylene glycol . .
|
6.7 |
b |
42 |
|
Acetic acid
. . . |
3.3 to 5.0 |
b |
21 to 31 |
Ethylene oxide . .
|
6.3 |
l |
40 |
|
Acetone .
. . . |
10.0 |
l |
62 |
Ethyl ether . .
. |
4.2 |
b |
26 |
|
Acetonitrile
. . . |
11.7 |
b |
73 |
Formamide . .
. |
11.3 |
b |
71 |
|
Acetophenone . .
|
9.7 |
b |
60 |
Formic
acid . . . |
5.0 |
b |
31 |
|
Acetylacetone . .
|
9.3 |
b |
58 |
Furan
. . . . |
2.2 |
b |
14 |
|
Acetyl
chloride . . |
8.0 |
b |
50 |
Hexane . . . .
|
0 |
l |
0 |
|
Acrolein . .
. . |
9.7 |
b |
60 |
Hydrazine . . .
|
10.0 |
l |
62 |
|
Acrylonitrile .
. . |
11.7 |
b |
73 |
Hydrogen cyanide . |
9.8 |
g |
61 |
|
Ammonia . . .
. |
3.0 |
l |
19 |
Hydrogen sulphide . |
3.2 |
g |
20 |
|
Aniline
. . . . .
|
5.2 |
b |
32 |
Iodoethane . . .
|
5.8 |
b |
36 |
|
Anisole . .
. . |
4.0 |
l |
25 |
Methanol . . .
|
5.5 |
b |
34 |
|
Benzamide . . .
|
12.2 |
b |
76 |
Methyl benzoate .
|
6.2 |
b |
39 |
|
Benzene . . . .
|
0 |
l |
0 |
Methyl ether . .
|
4.2 |
b |
26 |
|
Benzonitrile . . .
|
10.7 |
l |
67 |
Morpholine . . .
|
5.0 |
b |
31 |
|
Benzophenone . .
|
9.0 |
b |
56 |
Nitric oxide
. . . |
0.5 |
g |
3 |
|
Bromobenzene . .
|
5.0 |
l |
31 |
Nitrobenzene
. . |
13.3 |
b |
83 |
|
Bromoethane .
. . |
6.0 |
b |
37 |
Nitrogen dioxide .
|
1.3 |
g |
8 |
|
Bromoform . .
. |
3.3 |
b |
21 |
Nitromethane
. . |
10.3 |
b |
65 |
|
Carbon dioxide . .
|
0 |
g |
0 |
Oxygen . .
. . |
0 |
g |
0 |
|
Carbon disulphide .
|
0 |
l |
0 |
Ozone . . .
. |
2.2 |
g |
14 |
|
Carbonyl sulphide
. . |
2.4 |
g |
15 |
Phenol . . .
. |
5.3 |
b |
33 |
|
Chloroacetic acid . .
|
7.7 |
b |
48 |
Propylene oxide . .
|
6.5 |
b |
41 |
|
Chlorobenzene
. . |
5.2 |
l |
32 |
Pyridine . . . .
|
7.7 |
l |
48 |
|
Chloroethane .
. . |
6.7 |
b |
42 |
Pyrrole
. . . . |
6.0 |
b |
37 |
|
Cyclohexanol .
. . |
6.0 |
b |
37 |
Quinoline .
. . . |
7.0 |
l |
44 |
|
1,2-Dibromoethane .
|
4.0 |
b |
25 |
Styrene . . . .
|
0.3 |
l |
2 |
|
Dichloromethane . .
|
6.0 |
b |
37 |
Sulphur hexafluoride . |
0 |
g |
0 |
|
Diethylamine .
. . |
3.7 |
l |
23 |
Tetrachloromethane . |
0 |
l |
0 |
|
Dimethylaniline
. . |
5.2 |
b |
32 |
Tetrahydrofuran . .
|
5.7 |
b |
35 |
|
Dimethylformamide .
|
12.7 |
l |
79 |
Thiophen . . . .
|
1.6 |
l |
10 |
|
Dimethylsulphoxide . |
13.0 |
b |
81 |
Toluene
. . . . |
1.3 |
l |
8 |
|
Dioxan
. . .
. . |
1.3 |
b |
8 |
Trichloromethane .
|
3.7 |
b |
23 |
|
Ethanol
. . . . .
|
5.7 |
b |
35 |
Triethylamine .
. . |
2.8 |
l |
18 |
|
Ethyl acetate .
. . |
6.2 |
b |
39 |
s-Trioxane .
. . . |
7.3 |
b |
46 |
|
Ethylamine . . .
. |
4.3 |
b |
27 |
Water . . . .
. |
6.7 to 10.0 |
l |
42 to 62 |
|
Ethylbenzene . . .
|
1.2 |
l |
7 |
Water
. . . .
. |
6.2 |
g |
39 |
|
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M.L.McGlashan
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