Thermoelectric thermometry 2.3.2



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2.3.2 Thermoelectric thermometry

The following reference tables for thermocouples are calculated using the reference funcitons given in NIST Monograph 175 (April 1993) 'Temperature-Electromotive Force Reference Functions and Tables for the Letter-Designated Thermocouple Types Based on the ITS-90'. The same Reference Functions and Tables are used in national and international tables for thermocouples such as BS 4937 and IEC 584-1. The calibration of a particular thermocouple may be obtained by measurements at a few points over the temperature range and by plotting a curve of difference from the reference table.

Thermocouple Tables

Note that the temperature for a given entry is obtained by adding the corresponding temperature in the top row to that in the left or right-hand column, regardless of whether the latter is positive or negative. In every case the reference junction is at 0°C.

t₉₀/°C

e.m.f. in microvolts

Type S platinum 10% rhodium/platinum

−100

−236

−194

−150

−103

−53

−100

113

173

235

299

365

433

502

573

100

646

720

795

872

950

1 029

1 110

1 191

1 273

1 357

200

1 441

1 526

1 612

1 698

1 786

1 874

1 962

2 052

2 141

2 232

200

300

2 323

2 415

2 507

2 599

2 692

2 786

2 880

2 974

3 069

3 164

300

400

3 259

3 355

3 451

3 548

3 645

3 742

3 840

3 938

4 036

4 134

400

500

4 233

4 332

4 432

4 532

4 632

4 732

4 833

4 934

5 035

5 137

500

600

5 239

5 341

5 443

5 546

5 649

5 753

5 857

5 961

6 065

6 170

600

700

6 275

6 381

6 486

6 593

6 699

6 806

6 913

7 020

7 128

7 236

700

800

7 345

7 454

7 563

7 673

7 783

7 893

8 003

8 114

8 226

8 337

800

900

8 449

8 562

8 674

8 787

8 900

9 014

9 128

9 242

9 357

9 472

900

1 000

9 587

9 703

9 819

9 935

10 051

10 168

10 285

10 403

10 520

10 638

1 000

1 100

10 757

10 875

10 994

11 113

11 232

11 351

11 471

11 590

11 710

11 830

1 100

1 200

11 951

12 071

12 191

12 312

12 433

12 554

12 675

12 796

12 917

13 038

1 200

1 300

13 159

13 280

13 402

13 523

13 644

13 766

13 887

14 009

14 130

14 251

1 300

1 400

14 373

14 494

14 615

14 736

14 857

14 978

15 099

15 220

15 341

15 461

1 400

1 500

15 582

15 702

15 822

15 942

16 062

16 182

16 301

16 420

16 539

16 658

1 500

1 600

16 777

16 895

17 013

17 131

17 249

17 366

17 483

17 600

17 717

17 832

1 600

1 700

17 947

18 061

18 174

18 285

18 395

18 503

18 609

Type R platinum 13% rhodium/platinum

−100

−226

−188

−145

−100

−51

−100

111

171

232

296

363

431

501

573

100

647

723

800

879

959

1 041

1 124

1 208

1 294

1 381

100

200

1 469

1 558

1 648

1 739

1 831

1 923

2 017

2 112

2 207

2 304

200

300

2 401

2 498

2 597

2 696

2 796

2 896

2 997

3 099

3 201

3 304

300

400

3 408

3 512

3 616

3 721

3 827

3 933

4 040

4 147

4 255

4 363

400

500

4 471

4 580

4 690

4 800

4 910

5 021

5 133

5 245

5 357

5 470

500

600

5 583

5 697

5 812

5 926

6 041

6 157

6 273

6 390

6 507

6 625

600

700

6 743

6 861

6 980

7 100

7 220

7 340

7 461

7 583

7 705

7 827

700

800

7 950

8 073

8 197

8 321

8 446

8 571

8 697

8 823

8 950

9 077

800

900

9 205

9 333

9 461

9 590

9 720

9 850

9 980

10 111

10 242

10 374

900

1 000

10 506

10 638

10 771

10 905

11 039

11 173

11 307

11 442

11 578

11 714

1 000

1 100

11 850

11 986

12 123

12 260

12 397

12 535

12 673

12 812

12 950

13 089

1 100

1 200

13 228

13 367

13 507

13 646

13 786

13 926

14 066

14 207

14 347

14 488

1 200

1 300

14 629

14 770

14 911

15 052

15 193

15 334

15 475

15 616

15 758

15 899

1 300

1 400

16 040

16 181

16 323

16 464

16 605

16 746

16 887

17 028

17 169

17 310

1 400

1 500

17 451

17 591

17 732

17 872

18 012

18 152

18 292

18 431

18 571

18 710

1 500

1 600

18 849

18 988

19 126

19 264

19 402

19 540

19 677

19 814

19 951

20 087

1 600

1 700

20 222

20 356

20 488

20 620

20 749

20 877

21 003

1 700

Type B platinum 30% rhodium/platinum 6% rhodium

−2

−3

−2

100

107

123

141

159

100

200

178

199

220

243

267

291

317

344

372

401

200

300

431

462

494

527

561

596

632

669

707

746

300

400

787

828

870

913

957

1 002

1 048

1 095

1 143

1 192

400

500

1 242

1 293

1 344

1 397

1 451

1 505

1 561

1 617

1 675

1 733

500

600

1 792

1 852

1 913

1 975

2 037

2 101

2 165

2 230

2 296

2 363

600

700

2 431

2 499

2 569

2 639

2 710

2 782

2 854

2 928

3 002

3 078

700

800

3 154

3 230

3 308

3 386

3 466

3 546

3 626

3 708

3 790

3 873

800

900

3 957

4 041

4 127

4 213

4 299

4 387

4 475

4 564

4 653

4 743

900

1 000

4 834

4 926

5 018

5 111

5 205

5 299

5 394

5 489

5 585

5 682

1 000

1 100

5 780

5 878

5 976

6 075

6 175

6 276

6 377

6 478

6 580

6 683

1 100

1 200

6 786

6 890

6 995

7 100

7 205

7 311

7 417

7 524

7 632

7 740

1 200

1 300

7 848

7 957

8 066

8 176

8 286

8 397

8 508

8 620

8 731

8 844

1 300

1 400

8 956

9 069

9 182

9 296

9 410

9 524

9 639

9 753

9 868

9 984

1 400

1 500

10 099

10 215

10 331

10 447

10 563

10 679

10 796

10 913

11 029

11 146

1 500

1 600

11 263

11 380

11 497

11 614

11 731

11 848

11 965

12 082

12 199

12 316

1 600

1 700

12 433

12 549

12 666

12 782

12 898

13 014

13 130

13 246

13 361

13 476

1 700

1 800

13 591

13 706

13 820

1 800

Type E nickel-chromium/copper–nickel

−300

−9 835

−9 797

−9 718

−9 604

−9 455

−9 274

−9 063

−300

−200

−8 825

−8 561

−8 273

−7 963

−7 632

−7 279

−6 907

−6 516

−6 107

−5 681

−200

−100

−5 237

−4 777

−4 302

−3 811

−3 306

−2 787

−2 555

−1 709

−1 152

−582

−100

591

1 192

1 801

2 420

3 048

3 685

4 330

4 985

5 648

100

6 319

6 998

7 685

8 379

9 081

9 789

10 503

11 224

11 951

12 684

100

200

13 421

14 164

14 912

15 664

16 420

17 181

17 945

18 713

19 484

20 259

200

300

21 036

21 817

22 600

23 386

24 174

24 964

25 757

26 552

27 348

28 146

300

400

28 946

29 747

30 550

31 354

32 159

32 965

33 772

34 579

35 387

36 196

400

500

37 005

37 815

38 624

39 434

40 243

41 053

41 862

42 671

43 479

44 286

500

600

45 093

45 900

46 705

47 509

48 313

49 116

49 917

50 718

51 517

52 315

600

700

53 112

53 908

54 703

55 497

56 289

57 080

57 870

58 659

59 446

60 232

700

800

61 017

61 801

62 583

63 364

64 144

64 922

65 698

66 473

67 246

68 017

800

900

68 787

69 554

70 319

71 082

71 844

72 603

73 360

74 115

74 869

75 621

900

1 000

76 373

1 000

Type J iron/copper–nickel

−300

−8 095

−300

−200

−7 890

−7 659

−7 403

−7 123

−6 821

−6 500

−6 159

−5 801

−5 426

−5 037

−200

−100

−4 633

−4 215

−3 786

−3 344

−2 893

−2 431

−1 961

−1 482

−995

−501

−100

507

1 019

1 537

2 059

2 585

3 116

3 650

4 187

4 726

100

5 269

5 814

6 360

6 909

7 459

8 010

8 562

9 115

9 669

10 224

100

200

10 779

11 334

11 889

12 445

13 000

13 555

14 110

14 665

15 219

15 773

200

300

16 327

16 881

17 434

17 986

18 538

19 090

19 642

20 194

20 745

21 297

300

400

21 848

22 400

22 952

23 504

24 057

24 610

25 164

25 720

26 276

26 834

400

500

27 393

27 953

28 516

29 080

29 647

30 216

30 788

31 362

31 939

32 519

500

600

33 102

33 689

34 279

34 873

35 470

36 071

36 675

37 284

37 896

38 512

600

700

39 132

39 755

40 382

41 012

41 645

42 281

42 919

43 559

44 203

44 848

700

800

45 494

46 141

46 786

47 431

48 074

48 715

49 353

49 989

50 622

51 251

800

900

51 877

52 500

53 119

53 735

54 347

54 956

55 561

56 164

56 763

57 360

900

1 000

57 953

58 545

59 134

59 721

60 307

60 890

61 473

62 054

62 634

63 214

1 000

1 100

63 792

64 370

64 948

65 525

66 102

66 679

67 255

67 831

68 406

68 980

1 100

1 200

69 553

1 200

Type T copper/copper–nickel

−300

−6 258

−6 232

−6 180

−6 105

−6 007

−5 888

−5 753

−300

−200

−5 603

−5 439

−5 261

−5 070

−4 865

−4 648

−4 419

−4 177

−3 923

−3 657

−200

−100

−3 379

−3 089

−2 788

−2 476

−2 153

−1 819

−1 475

−1 121

−757

−383

−100

Type T copper/copper–nickel
0	0	391	790	1 196	1 612	2 036	2 468	2 909	3 358	3 814	0
100	4 279	4 750	5 228	5 714	6 206	6 704	7 209	7 720	8 237	8 759	100
200	9 288	9 822	10 362	10 907	11 458	12 013	12 574	13 139	13 709	14 283	200
300	14 862	15 445	16 032	16 624	17 219	17 819	18 422	19 030	19 641	20 255	300
400	20 872										400
Type K nickel–chromium/nickel–aluminium
−300				−6 458	−6 441	−6 404	−6 344	−6 262	−6 158	−6 035	−300
−200	−5 891	−5 730	−5 550	−5 354	−5 141	−4 913	−4 669	−4 411	−4 138	−3 852	−200
−100	−3 554	−3 243	−2 920	−2 587	−2 243	−1 889	−1 527	−1 156	−778	−392	−100

0	0	397	798	1 203	1 612	2 023	2 436	2 851	3 267	3 682	0
100	4 096	4 509	4 920	5 328	5 735	6 138	6 540	6 941	7 340	7 739	100
200	8 138	8 539